Differences Between Christianity And Buddhism - 1636 Words

Faith Diversity Introduction Worldview can be described as how a person bases their foundation of how they live, move and have being, it can be ever changing depending on the circumstance or situation (Shelly Miller, 2006). The way a person develops their worldview can depend on many factors, one major factor can be an individual’s faith, and the philosophies of that faith. There will be two faiths that will be discussed in this paper; Christianity and Buddhism will be the faiths in focus along with the effects on the concept of worldview. Common Components and Health Care Christianity. â€Å"For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him† Colossians 1:16 (King James Bible Online). Christianity is a monotheistic religion, meaning there is only one God. God is the creator of the universe, all-powerful, all-knowing, all-present, and all-good (ReligionFacts, 2015). Christians believe that God is actually three persons: the Father, the Son, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit, however the doctrine, called the trinity, argues that Jesus Christ wasn’t actually God (ReligionFacts, 2015). It is the belief that God is only attainable by following the teachings of Jesus Christ, whom was sent to earth to teach from God’s commands, therefore the way to God is through Jesus and his teachings, the Bible. TheShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism1481 Words   |  6 Pagesand spiritual needs. Although physical and emotional needs are equally important, this paper will focus on the patient’s spiritual needs. It specifically will look at the differences and similarities between Christianity and Buddhism. The worldview of both religions will be explored, and a summary will be given of the differences. Common elements of all religions will be examined. Those things that are important to patients of different faiths will be presented with an emphasis on nursing. LastlyRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism2100 Words   |  9 Pagesof this paper was to examine and discover the similarities and the differences of Christianity and Buddhism in their worldview philosophies and attitude concerning healthcare. A comparative analysis was completed between the two religions as it relates to their respective belief systems, spiritual practices, overview on health and perspective on healing. Although results revealed some similarities, subtle and significant diffe rences do exist. Healthcare providers need to be familiar with these nuancesRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism1184 Words   |  5 Pagesa person’s spirituality. Christianity is the largest of these religions, with more than 2.2 billion adherents. Buddhism is also another religion practiced that has around 360 million followers. This paper will compare both of these religions according to their worldviews and also tie in their health care implications. A worldview helps to form a person’s thoughts and opinions. It determines someone’s values and decisions in life. Although Christianity and Buddhism are different in many waysRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Buddhism2030 Words   |  9 PagesThis paper is a comparison between two very different religions, specifically Christianity and Buddhism. Coming from opposite sides of the globe these two religions could not be any farther apart in any aspect. I will discuss who Christ is for Christians and who Buddha is for Buddhists. I will also get into the aspects of charity, love, and compassion in both religions and I will be looking at the individual self and how Christians see resurrection where the Buddhists feel about the afterlife. OneRead MoreDifference and Similarities Between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism.2305 Words   |  10 Pages Title: Difference and Similarities between Christianity and Four (4) World Religion, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Muslims and Hinduism. Introduction: In the world today there are many religions of different beliefs with vast numbers of followers. However, some of these religions turn to have similarities and differences which defer them from each another. The following report briefly talks about the differences and similarities between Christianity and other four (4) major world religions and theyRead MoreChristianity And Buddhism : A Nation Of Many Religions Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagestheir life, so they relay themselves on religion. Christianity and Buddhism are two ancient religions which both have being on earth for a long time. Both religions are based on the teachings of one man. Moreover, they have many similarities as well as differences. They both have a place of adoration. For Christians is a church, chapel, cathedral, and may others. For Buddhism is a monastery, nunneries, pagodas, and temples. Both Christianity as Buddhism believe on the adoration of something, which willRead More Comparing Buddhism and Christianity Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Buddhism and Christianity In the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. DuringRead MoreBuddhism and Christianity1411 Words   |  6 PagesIn the early sixth century Christianity was evolving at a rapid pace. The spread of Christianity was not only moving westward through Europe, but it was also moving eastward down the Silk Road. The eastward spread of Christianity was primarily a form of Christianity known as Nestorianism, after the teachings of Nestorius, a fifth century patriarch. By 635 Nestorian Christianity had reached the heart of China spreading through all of Persia and India. During the middl e of the seventh century NestorianRead MoreThe Religion Of Islam And Islam1544 Words   |  7 Pagesreligions are different in many aspects, but respect the opposing religious groups. Examples of these religions are Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity that originated from different regions and cultures. While Buddhism comes from a different background, Islam and Christianity come from the same source, and have spread in similar ways throughout history, however, the three religions have differences in their philosophies and practices. These three religions differ in origin, practices, beliefs, worship, andRead MoreChristianity vs Buddhism923 Words   |  4 Pagestruths,† said by Muhammad Ali. Religion is the belief and reverence for a supernatural power and powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe (2003). The religions I’ve chose to compare and contrast would be non denomination/ Christianity and Buddhism. Each religion would be broken down by their religious belief, religious ritual, and religious experience. The definition of these religious things are: religious belief is a statement to which members of a particular religion adhere, religious

Analysis Of Rosalyn Schanzer s Witches - 992 Words

In Rosalyn Schanzer’s Witches! The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem, the Salem Witch trials took place. What happened in Salem was something horrible, they hanged 19 innocent people for witchcraft and 1 was pressed to death. the hangings were on Gallows Hill. Not only that, but 200 people were accused. The Trials were Awful, so many lies told. Mothers accused children, and they did the same. Brothers accused brothers, and etcetera. Yet the aftermath was probably just as bad. People died, probably from the prison’s condition. people’s â€Å"apologies† were just another lie told after the trials ended (And what more could be said about the people who didn’t even apologize). last but not least the Money. Let the aftermath begin. The deaths, 20 people died during the trials. but what about after? 5 people died in jail because of prison conditions. Sarah Osborne, Roger Toothaker, Ann Foster, and Lydia Dustin. (information from dbq.) â€Å" Parris’s niece Abigail stopped giving testimony against the accused witches by June 1692, long before the trials ended. Nobody knows why she disappeared from the hearings, but Abigail is the other accuser who may actually have been sick. She never did fully recover from the fits she had suffered and was no older than 17 when she died.† Schanzer, Rosalyn. Witches!: The Absolutely True Tale of Disaster in Salem. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2011. Print. â€Å"Mr. Burroughs was carried in a cart with the others through the streets

Bringing the Dolls and Old Crystals Analysis Essay Example For Students

Bringing the Dolls and Old Crystals Analysis Essay Holding on and Letting Go Letting go is very difficult for everyone. Especially if you have to let go of something or someone who has been a very big part of your life. In the poems â€Å"Bringing the Dolls† and â€Å"Old Crystals†, Merle Alunan, used symbolism and imagery to concretize the difficulties of letting go. In â€Å"Bringing the Dolls†, the lines: â€Å"Each tight luggage I had packed only for the barest need. † shows us that the persona is someone who is going to leave. Lines 11-14, â€Å"Each child must learn she cannot take what must be left behind. , is just one of the many statements that make us infer that the persona is a mother who is leaving together with her child. This gives us an immediate connection to the whole point of the poem, which is letting go. The whole poem is about the ragged dolls that the mother forbids her daughter to bring with them. We can see this in lines 4-5, â€Å"I grabbed them from her arms, â€Å"No,† I said, â€Å"They cannot come. †Ã¢â‚¬  Yet, the daughter still chose to disobey her mother and brought the dolls with her. We can clearly see that the daughter already has a difficulty in letting go or parting ways with her dolls. This might also describe how the mother feels in letting go of something or someone whom they left behind, which is probably the father. The mother saw how much her daughter valued the dolls despite of their physical appearance. This made her realize that she was no different. We can clearly see this in: â€Å"She knew her burdens as I knew mine. † â€Å"Old Crystals† is another poem by Merle Alunan. The persona here is someone who knows the woman being described in the poem. We may infer that she is a daughter because of these lines: â€Å"Then, as when in our childhood, her name performs the cleansing magic. This says that the persona knew that woman from childhood. She also knew the woman’s difficulty of letting go of her crystals and how she kept them with her life as stated in lines 1-8: â€Å"While she lived, she had shrined them safe from our coveting – until the day the cold in her blood ran her course straight. † This line shows how she â €Å"shrined† the crystals and kept them away from other people. â€Å"Old Crystals† is a poem about an old woman who treasured her crystals very much that she had kept them until death. And even until her death, the thought of her still seemed to haunt the people who took her crystals as stated in â€Å"To undo our fears her face hovers. † The persona in the poem saw how the woman valued her crystals so much. She kept them and never let anyone touch them as again, stated in lines 1-3: â€Å"While she lived, she had shrined them safe from our coveting. † We can also see the woman’s unwillingness of letting go of her crystals in the way she kept it as described in â€Å"The keys hung on a grimed string she wore next to her skin, the undertakers washing her body could not pry off the knots with their fingers. This shows how attached she is to her crystals. Both of these poems convey the feelings of letting go. And the author chose to show this through the use of symbolism and imagery. Imagery is a common element of these two poems. In â€Å"Bringing the Dolls,† the second stanza of the poem concretely shows the signs of leaving. How the mot her packed, â€Å"Each tight luggage I had packed only for the barest need. † And how she even treated â€Å"sentiment and memory† as excess luggage. How she wanted her child to do the same, â€Å"She cannot take what must be left behind. In the third stanza, we can also see imagery and how it was used to describe letting go. â€Å"A smart wind blowing dry the stealthy tears I could not wipe† describes how the mother is feeling at that moment. She was so sad that she broke down, yet, she has to be strong for her and her child. Symbolism can also be found in â€Å"Bringing the Dolls†. First, the most obvious symbol, would be the dolls. The dolls symbolize the relationship of their family. As described in the first stanza, â€Å"Two dolls in rags and tatters, one missing an arm and a leg, the other blind in one eye. The author used this to describe the family in the poem. And we can easily see that it is a broken family for the mother and daughter were le aving home and probably the father. How their relationship lost â€Å"an arm and a leg† and how they became blind. Another symbolism would be in the third stanza, which is the boat. â€Å"And so the boat turned seaward. † The boat symbolizes the mother and how she chose to leave. We all know, that once a boat has left there is almost no probability for it to return except for emergencies or when the trip is done. The same thing applies with the mother. .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb , .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .postImageUrl , .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb , .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb:hover , .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb:visited , .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb:active { border:0!important; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb:active , .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9ca06db94d7f4be3d9929d320a771edb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Physical Fitness EssayWe can see that there is no turning back now. And that she has to continue the journey that she chose. â€Å"Old Crystals† also used imagery as an element. The images show how the woman really valued and protected her crystals from others. Again, in the first part of the poem, it says there that â€Å"She had shrined them safe from our coveting. † She does not want anyone to touch the crystals. â€Å"To the grave, the loot of had stayed locked up, the keys hung with their fingers. † This shows how until death, she still wanted her crystals to be with her. The people even had a hard time in getting the keys from her even though she is dead already. Some other images showed how they were haunted by the thought of this woman. â€Å"To undo our fears with our guilt† shows that the people who got the crystals are even guilty of what they did. They knew how much the woman kept them and getting those crystals gave them a lot of worries and fear. Symbolism is also obvious in â€Å"Old Crystals†. The Crystals here symbolizes something that is important for someone. For example, in the case of the mother and the daughter in the first poem, their relationship as a family is what they value. Old Crystals† show how we attach ourselves to these things that even through death we may not be able to let go of it. The last line of the poem â€Å"Not greed but wisdom receives your gift† says that we should not attach ourselves to earthly things. This is what the persona is saying. That he has learned through the old woman the value of letting go and not being dependent on anything. In our society as Filipinos, we are used to being close to everyone we love. We are known for having close family ties and staying with our family our whole lives, unlike other races in which they part from their parents once they are at legal age. This is how the sense of being Filipino is evident in both of these poems. Because this is our upbringing, it will be very difficult for us to let go. We are so attached to one another especially to our loved ones that losing them would be very hard. Still, we should learn how to let go but still contain our values as Filipinos and as human beings. Yes, no man is an island as they say, but sometimes, you may have to learn things yourself. This is what we should get from both poems. We should learn how to travel our own journey through holding on, and letting go.

To what extent does the ending ensure a sense of closure to the film Essay Example

To what extent does the ending ensure a sense of closure to the film Essay Director Paul Haggis successful debut Crash (2005) tells the individual stories of a seemingly unrelated group of individuals in the story space of two days; it immediately begins with the result of a car crash, but the story stems from the shift back in time to the day before the incident. By doing this Crash skilfully and deliberately reaches beyond the conventions of narrative film, as it does not begin with a balanced equilibrium; it is this and numerous stylistic effects that makes for an increased sense of closure as each interweaving story is summed up individually yet also in the wider context of the film and the issues it presents.In this short period of time in fast paced Los Angeles and through the chance encounters of the characters- for example, when a racist police officer is forced to save the life of a white woman whom he had previously black mailed and violated out of racial discrimination- the films underlying morals and themes come to the fore. As the film takes th e audience slightly back in time, we engage with the almost parallel lives of the characters and their problems encountered out of bigotry and fear, and it is as these interweaving stories become connected that the pace of the film slows down and closure hinted at.Through plot- which is defined by Bordwell and Thompson as all the events that are directly presented to the viewer in a narrative film1- for example in its parallelisms and through stylistic effects, particularly in the closing five minutes which I will focus on, Crash successfully brings its narrative to a subdued close and reveals the underlying key themes. The ending is satisfying to the viewer in that individual stories are resolved- not necessarily within themselves but in the wider context of the film- thus ending with an emphatic moral note as opposed to a stable situation and happy ending.This closing five minute sequence offers insight into the lives of the characters once they have crashed into each other one wa y or another, as the camera watches over them individually at a distance. Through style- notably non-diegetic sound which plays throughout the whole sequence and ties together the various lives of the characters- the audience is presented movingly with each of the characters reflections in hindsight to their actions and their experiences. The audience is thus encouraged to identify with characters and understand the story and its underlying messages.The sequence begins with the story of Jean Cabot (Sandra Bullock): the audience sees her embracing her house-keeper as she says: do you know what? Youre the best friend Ive got. This marks her poignant revelation of her unfulfilled and unhappy life, which had been for so long masked by lavish lifestyle and her career-obsessed husband. Complete focus is on her character as a close up of her face in the centre of the frame begins the sequence; as the slow non-diegetic sound slowly builds up, the camera slowly tracks into her face, allowing for extreme close up. The combination of the reflecting music, the slow tracking of the camera and the intimate close up of her face gently reinforces her emotion and signifies, almost dramatically the turning-point in her life. As the close up focuses on her sad emotional state, the touching music (In the deep, by Kathleen York)- which happens to eventually cosmically relate all the intertwining stories- begins on the line thought you had all the answers. This serves again to emphasise her disillusionment with life, resulting in this emotive realisation, thus in many ways closure to her character. Mise-en-scene here is working as part of the plot as it signifies and mostly heightens the significant realization of this named character.After a relatively long take, the camera jump cuts to the story of another character and an establishing shot of Officer Tom Hansen (Ryan Phillipe) burning the car -where out of subconscious racial discrimination he fatally shot an innocent teenager ( Larenz Tate). We see him at a distance angrily throwing rubble onto the fire out of grief; the distance the camera allows for emphasises his helpless state at a significant time in the story, conveying the underlying consequences of his racial prejudice. Again by using an establishing shot here the audience now has a sense of time and space, as they have already been introduced to this storyline through plot.The jump shot might usually serve to create a disjointed or abrupt change in plot, yet through continuation of the same slow non-diegetic sound- which completely takes over synchronous sound- it almost seems to act as reflection, to sum up the story line rather than to expand on it. A balanced, almost symmetrical frame follows as the camera cuts to a medium close up of Officer Tom Hansen now in the middle of it. As the camera remains static however he walks slowly forward and to the right of the frame; this allows the balance to be disrupted, thus subtly emphasises his vulnerabi lity in the frame.2 This relates to his weakness in the story, as his position in the frame becomes vulnerable at a time in the story when his previous position of power and success has been substituted for a position of regret, reflection and shame. By showing his character in this way, the tone of the scene is extremely toned-down and as the story allows for the characters reflection, so the mood and mise-en-scene allows for audience reflection of racial prejudice.As the Officer walks forward in a few more frames of the shot, it is also noteworthy to point out the objective camera angle. By employing this camera angle the audience happens to look in as opposed to involving themselves in the action. This distances the audience somewhat and forces them to empathise with this character.Lighting works together to connote sadness; the predominant darkness and orange filter used suggests that all the light comes from the background fire, thus selectively lighting parts of the characters face and not much else. This slightly dappled light falling onto the characters face remains even throughout this shot and so slight changes in his harrowing expression of emotion are easily registered by the viewer; this again serves to emphasize his emotional state over actions or setting. And so the almost sombre tone of the scene is intensified. Through subdued lighting his emotional state is heightened to the audience who can now build an identification with him in his sadness. The plot merely shows the Officer walking away from the scene of the crime, yet through non-diegetic sound- connoting sadness and a poignant atmosphere- , through intimate close ups of his face and also through shallow depth of field created- by selectively focusing entirely on his face- the plot infers successfully his feeling of remorse and realisation.As the non-diegetic music and the calm paced shot length continues into the next sequence- as it were into other final accounts of the characters stori es- the audience is able to relate the characters, thus identify feeling of sadness and a sense of closure in all the accounts. After several shots of these various characters in their states of reflection in the closing five minutes of the plot the music begins to slow to a close; as it does this the audience sees Anthony (Ludacris) letting the Chinese immigrants go, after previously agreeing to sell them. This part in the plot signifies his revelation in looking beyond money for the greater cause. Yet, it is at this exact point of the music ending that we hear him say to one of the immigrants: dopey fucking Chinaman. Here- mainly through the combining of sound and plot- the films message and story is presented effectively; that moving at the speed of life even after having crashed into one another the issue of prejudice will always haunt in the world todaybla bla bla.In the closing sequence of the plot the audience is again encouraged to relate the different characters, thus bring ing messages of the film to the fore; it shows that our actions although they may seem insignificant, actually relate to the wider context and serve to affect others in undesirable ways. This is also possible through the rhythmic relationship of the shots in the sequence; although this sequence employs numerous jump shots to signify a change in sub-plot, through continuity editing and continuation of the non-diegetic sound, the viewer is not left disorientated, but instead is able to follow the interweaving plot. Through continuity editing- particularly continuation of asynchronous music and rhythmic relations of shot length in this sequence- the individual stories of the various characters come together and form the wider narrative of the film. By doing this the audience is able to understand the plot in its successful attempt to relate each individual to its wider context, and show the often subconscious effects of racism on society as a whole.As the sequence comes to an end and a s the individual stories of the characters are given room for contemplation and reflection by the characters and the viewer, the mood of the scene becomes much more upbeat; with jerky guitar riffs contrasting with the previous sombre piano sound. By doing this the viewer can at this point look beyond the emotional stories of the individual characters and think more closely about the messages presented in the film. It allows a less serious light to be shone onto the subject, but at the same time leaves it in our minds for contemplation, as the scene closes with a car crash resulting in one of the drivers saying what the hell is wrong with you people?As the various drivers are left on the road fighting with each other, the camera slowly pans out of the action, leaving a birds- eye shot angle looking down on it. This remarkable angle combined with lively yet reflective music- as it reads these little black clouds keep walking round me- humorously presents the audience with a finality t o the story, yet keeps the actual issues unresolved. It realistically produces closure to the plot and story, as it has successfully addressed various issues so that they are understood by the audience; yet it is presented as an ongoing problem- as the narrative goes full-circle- thus leaving the audience with room for reflection themselves.By looking at the closing five minutes of Crash, through style and plot the story and essential issues of post 9/11 America are presented unflinchingly to the audience. To reveal the wider issues in the story, Crash has effectively depicted the every day life of a diverse group of characters, who as it turns out have more in common with each other than they initially thought. By the interaction of mainly sound and editing with the plot, Paul Haggis story is told with force, allowing the audience to contemplate and reflect on various issues- namely racial prejudice in the world today- along with the narrative characters.

Veja Case Study Summary Essay Example

Veja Case Study Summary Essay Example Veja Case Study Summary Essay Veja Case Study Summary Essay Case Study Assignment Newman was negligent in his actions on the road when he swerved into oncoming traffic. Julie Mycology is simply looking for compensation for her injuries. The fact that Newman is not a full time employee and only works when he sees fit makes him an independent contractor that you pay for his services. Because he is an independent contractor, you could argue that independent contractors have liability, and this could possibly help you defend your company against the lawsuit. Elaine starting her own business and the use of the old, used tock is an issue because you cannot get out of or reconstruct your contract at this time. Due to the fact that you both are merchants and abide to the USC, you are not allowed to change the terms of your agreement. This was Just a bad decision on your part. George not knowing the arrangement between the company and Elaine is not an issue. You two are not at fault for not informing George because he does not hold a position in the corporate office, therefore has no say in what business decisions are made. He will possibly try to sue for this arrangement arguing that he is the majority hardheaded because of this, George can sue under Shareholders Derivative Suit, which means, that since he is a shareholder, he has the right to sue if the company Is doing something unethical. In this case, George will lose the case because although this arrangement with Elaine wasnt smart, it wasnt unethical either. If Elaine sells her shares to George, there is a possibility of him voting you out of your position as President. In the Articles of Incorporation, it states that there are preemptive purchasing rights on any stocks being sold by any shareholder.

Chinas Dynasties Circa 2100 BCE - 1911 CE

Chinas Dynasties Circa 2100 BCE - 1911 CE The history of China stretches back into the mists of time. For centuries, scholars from China and abroad believed that the ancient dynasties - those prior to the Qin - were simply mythical. However, the discovery in 1899 of oracle bones from the Shang Dynasty dating back to c. 1500 BCE proved that this dynasty actually existed. The bones provided impressive amounts of information about the Shang royal family, religious beliefs and other aspects of life more than 3,500 years ago. Firm evidence for the Xia Dynasty has yet to be found... but do not bet against it! 3 Sovereigns and 5 Emperors Period (c. 2850 - c. 2200 BCE) Xia Dynasty (c. 2100 - c. 1600 BCE) Shang Dynasty (c. 1700 - 1046 BCE) Zhou Dynasty (c. 1066 - 256 BCE) Qin Dynasty (221 - 206 BCE) Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) Three Kingdoms Period (220 - 280 CE) Jin Dynasty (265 - 420) 16 Kingdoms Period (304 - 439) Southern and Northern Dynasties (420 - 589) Sui Dynasty (581 - 618) Tang Dynasty (618 - 907) Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (907 - 960) Song Dynasty (906 - 1279) Liao Dynasty (907 - 1125) Western Xia Dynasty (1038 - 1227) Jin Dynasty (1115 - 1234) Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368) Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644) Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911)

Strategies and International Business in IKEA Comapany Essay

Strategies and International Business in IKEA Comapany - Essay Example To begin with, the company lowered the prices of its goods and services in the home country and in the global market (Coe, 2009). This factor made it attract more customers from the competitors. Consumers are sensitive to prices and any slight difference would make them shift and enjoy the relatively lower prices. Because of the higher priced competitors’ products, IKEA managed to record increase in their customer base. Secondly, IKEA engaged in continuous designing of their products to improve their quality and preference. They also engaged in continuous introduction of new innovative products. Moreover, the company used the trademark to protect its goods from being counterfeited by the competitors. Trademark would also make IKEA products be distinct from those of the competitor's top help avoid confusion and to help in developing a brand (IKEA, 2010). In addition, IKEA opened their retail stores in the countries in which it operated to increase the availability of its products and to ensure customers get the direct attention from their agents (IKEA, n.d.). The opening of stores abroad would also ensure that the different customers’ demands are integrated into the production of the company’s goods. IKEA strength is gained from the variety of products it offers and the low prices it offers for their products. Through this, it reduced the costs through lowering storage space and reduced labor cost. The opening of the retails in Germany, Switzerland and US further made IKEA enjoy the wide market coverage and smooth its sales in case the product performance is not good in some of the geographical coverage. However, IKEA suffers from the problem of controlling quality in the global market without hiking the prices of their products (Coe, 2009). To sell their products at low prices mean that IKEA has to sacrifice the profit margin. The environmental regulation further poses a threat to the company since the materials used in manufacturing their furniture requires destruction of trees hence a potential threat. Several reasons prompted IKEA chose Switzerland as the first country to internationalize.  

Current Supreme Court Cases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Supreme Court Cases - Essay Example She had an infant in her hands and with the nature of the situation plus the initial occurrences; the officers asked her if they could conduct a safety search(Russell 1). However, Fernandez was quick to object claiming that he knew his rights. The officers brought Fernandez into custody under the suspicion he was behind Roxanne’s assault. After identification as one of the perpetrators from the gang robbery, the police accompanied him to the police station. Later on, one of the officers returned to the premises and obtained Roxanne’s consent to search the apartment(Russell 1). The search brought out new evidence that linked Fernandez to the violent robbery. In court, Fernandez’s motion to subdue the proof from the second search did not influence his case. The Georgia v. Randolph case chiefly influenced Fernandez’s motion since the summary judgment held that where there is physical presence of co-tenants and one objects the police’s consent while the other agrees; the police have no option but to respect the objection. Justices Alito, Ginsburg, Kagan, Sotomayors and the Chief Justice were against were against any motions filed with Randolph case as the basis hence agreed with the final decision(Russell 1). However, Fernandez has four votes from Justices Breyer, Kennedy, Scalia and Karlin who supported the Randolph summary judgment with the argument that the police officers went against the law by first taking into custody the objecting party and coming back to obtain consent of other co-tenant. Nonetheless, the California Court of Appeal’s affirmations held that Fernandez was not physically present when Roxan ne gave consent of the search. Typically, the application of Georgia v. Randolph as advocated for by Jeffrey Fisher (Fernandez’s lawyer) was not rational enough to make any exceptions particularly because one of the opposing justices invoked that his expression only depicted insightful disrespect towards Roxanne who wanted

The Five Cs Worksheet Essay Example for Free

The Five Cs Worksheet Essay Online and Traditional Education Online and traditional education is very beneficial. They both serve a great purpose as far as helping one further their education, and wanting to get a great career. Traditional education has a lot more to offer, opposed to online courses. With traditional college you are able to get the full ride. You get the chance to get a full sports scholarship, or even a scholarship without having to play sports. As long as your grades are excellent all throughout your years of going to school. Most colleges even go as far as looking at your records from elementary school. You get the chance to join frats and sororities. Get a chance to have a lifetime of sisterhood or brotherhood. Experience what it is like to live in another state. Get to know new people. Able to focus without little brothers, sisters, or even children getting in your way. You get to be in personal contact with professors, who can lead you to different avenues once you finish your major. Get to experience what it is like to have a roommate. Public university promote collaborative learning within in the class room, more they than do in independent studies. Campus life offers many social opportunities and a various selection of extracurricular activities. Universities are either situated in a college town, or the in heart of a big city. You will have a much greater opportunity to meet and develop relationships with many different types of people. You have a greater chance of getting an internship in what it is that you majored in. Most of the time where you have done your internship, the company will hire you on as a regular employee if they feel like you can be a great asset to them. Then you may be able to work your way up in the corporate world. Even if you don’t stay with the same company, you will still have that experience in the specific department. Maybe even from that point you will be able to start your own business in your preferred profession. I know of a few people that took their regular nine to five, and turned into something that they can benefit from for the rest of their life. Turned into something that could move into other cities, states, maybe even countries. It’s all how you want to pursue and perceive your life with the traditional college experience. Of course we can’t forget the parties. This is the main reason that most teens want to go to a traditional college. This is also the part where traditional college can go all wrong. Your loved ones may become into drugs, or into heavy drinking. This may become the down fall of their education. Some young women may become pregnant and miss out on the opportunity of going to the college. Some girls are lucky enough to have parents that will take care of the child while they are away at school. Now as for the online education. I find that it is almost as good as going to a traditional university. With online education you have the luxury of working at your own pace. You don’t have to worry about getting to class on time. Although you do have to make sure that you turn you work in on time. Online college to me is like have a second chance to further you education. I know that they didn’t offer online classes way back when I was born. So those who didn’t get to make it to a traditional college were just out of luck. Until they came up with the bright idea of having online colleges. They accept you with a G. E. D. Even if you didn’t graduate. No you don’t get full scholarships, but you do get financial aid. Along with Pell grants to help you pay for your classes. They give you a chance to pay the financial aid back six months after you have graduated. Some loans that you get want you to immediately start paying them back. In my recent studies I found that online universities charge more for their classes than traditional colleges. I also found that most of the online colleges are for-profit. This means that they charge you more so they can get a cut out of what you have to pay back. Me personally I like the fact that I am able to go to school online, because I am a single mother. I got pregnant while I was still in high school so I never even had the choice of how I was going to further my education. Online universities have opened so many doors for young mothers, and the older generation that didn’t get to go to Moore House University on a full ride basketball, or football scholarship. Online graduates don’t get internships, but when you graduate you will have that degree under your belt. Employers will be happy to know that you took out the time to want to further you education. You are also able to meet new people and collaborate in class online, except you don’t get to have that face to face personal contact with your fellow class mates and professors. You have to go by how they word what they say to determine what type of tone they are saying it in. I like attending online college, because I can work on my own time as long as my work is turned in on time.

Digital Millennium Copyright Act. (DMCA) Essay -- Rights Copyright Res

Digital Millennium Copyright Act. (DMCA) MOSCOW, Russia (AP) - Bill Gates was arrested late Thursday evening at Moscow International Airport. Gates, co-founder of the Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), was returning to the US after attending a software conference in Moscow. Sources indicate the NKVD arrested Gates on charges pursuant to an alleged violation of Russian software law. The charges were reportedly filed by the Russian software firm Camah, presumably in response to the recent release of Microsoft Advanced eBook Processor. (This software allows users to convert Camah eBook texts into other formats.) As a foreign national, Gates was denied bail. "Yeah, right." you think. "That's absurd. It could never happen. A U.S. citizen arrested in Russia for violating a Russian law while in the United States." Unfortunately, change the names, swap the roles of Russia and the United States, and it happened quite recently. How? Thanks to a 60 page piece of legislation known as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. (DMCA) To understand the DMCA, we must understand what it was designed to do. The name gives away a few clues. Obviously it deals with copyrights, and things digital. And at the the core of any discussion of copyright is the concept of intellectual property. Without getting mired in legal jargon, let us consider an example. Pretend you're a musician. (I'll leave it up to you to decide if you're starving or not) Simplifying things greatly, there are really only two things you have to do to produce an album. The first is coming up with the lyrics and the music. This is your intellectual property. Second, you need to record and make copies of your music. (Unless you went with "starving" above) These copies are physi... ...ca.org (Mar 2002). Boucher, Rick (D-VA) "Time to rewrite the DMCA" Jan 29, 2002 http://news.com.com/2010-1078-825335.html (Mar 2002) "Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies" Feb 17, 2000 http://www.acm.org/usacm/IP/dmca.exemption.htm (Mar 2002) "Digital Millennium Copyright Act Status And Analysis" Mar 19, 2001 http://www.arl.org/info/frn/copy/dmca.html (Mar 2002) "US Copyright Office Summary of the Digital Millennum Copyright Act of 1998" December 1998 http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/legislation/dmca.pdf (Mar 2002) Ferguson, Niels "Censorship in action: Silenced by the DMCA" Aug 29, 2001 http://www.macfergus.com/niels/dmca/ (Mar 2002) Samuelson, Pamela "Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to Science" Sep 14, 2001 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5537/2028 (Mar 2002) Digital Millennium Copyright Act. (DMCA) Essay -- Rights Copyright Res Digital Millennium Copyright Act. (DMCA) MOSCOW, Russia (AP) - Bill Gates was arrested late Thursday evening at Moscow International Airport. Gates, co-founder of the Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), was returning to the US after attending a software conference in Moscow. Sources indicate the NKVD arrested Gates on charges pursuant to an alleged violation of Russian software law. The charges were reportedly filed by the Russian software firm Camah, presumably in response to the recent release of Microsoft Advanced eBook Processor. (This software allows users to convert Camah eBook texts into other formats.) As a foreign national, Gates was denied bail. "Yeah, right." you think. "That's absurd. It could never happen. A U.S. citizen arrested in Russia for violating a Russian law while in the United States." Unfortunately, change the names, swap the roles of Russia and the United States, and it happened quite recently. How? Thanks to a 60 page piece of legislation known as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. (DMCA) To understand the DMCA, we must understand what it was designed to do. The name gives away a few clues. Obviously it deals with copyrights, and things digital. And at the the core of any discussion of copyright is the concept of intellectual property. Without getting mired in legal jargon, let us consider an example. Pretend you're a musician. (I'll leave it up to you to decide if you're starving or not) Simplifying things greatly, there are really only two things you have to do to produce an album. The first is coming up with the lyrics and the music. This is your intellectual property. Second, you need to record and make copies of your music. (Unless you went with "starving" above) These copies are physi... ...ca.org (Mar 2002). Boucher, Rick (D-VA) "Time to rewrite the DMCA" Jan 29, 2002 http://news.com.com/2010-1078-825335.html (Mar 2002) "Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies" Feb 17, 2000 http://www.acm.org/usacm/IP/dmca.exemption.htm (Mar 2002) "Digital Millennium Copyright Act Status And Analysis" Mar 19, 2001 http://www.arl.org/info/frn/copy/dmca.html (Mar 2002) "US Copyright Office Summary of the Digital Millennum Copyright Act of 1998" December 1998 http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/legislation/dmca.pdf (Mar 2002) Ferguson, Niels "Censorship in action: Silenced by the DMCA" Aug 29, 2001 http://www.macfergus.com/niels/dmca/ (Mar 2002) Samuelson, Pamela "Anticircumvention Rules: Threat to Science" Sep 14, 2001 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5537/2028 (Mar 2002)

Peoples Attitudes towards Climate Change

I. IntroductionClimate Change or Global warming is the increase of the average temperature of earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and landmasses. Scientists believe earth is currently facing a period of rapid warming brought on by rising levels of heat-trapping gases, known as greenhouse gases, in the atmosphere (Harvey, 2012). Ironically, â€Å"It is not climate change that is our problem, but the attitude of people that should be addressing the problem† (Fernandez, 2012). Most previous studies evaluating the cause of awareness to the people towards the climate change is the effects of people’s attitude towards climate change (Gallup, 2008; Barret & Dannenberg, 2012).Most of the studies confirm the explicit and implicit attitudes towards climate change suggest targeting hidden thoughts a better way to change people’s behavior (Corner, 2010; Kormos & McIntyre, 2011). There are also findings that proved the countries to firm one another to build human activities to wards climate change.This paper is intended to transport cognizance on the necessary ideas on what are the people’s perception towards climate change that have been affected the existence of the of the mother nature and all the life form that exist in this world.A. ObjectivesThe students intend to:1. To Discuss the nature climate change and its causes;2. To provide data supporting that there are causes and effects in every peoples attitude towards climate change;3. To determine the authenticity of the claim that there are causes and effects in every peoples attitude towards climate change; and4. To associate the findings to the personal lives of parents and children in particular and to the people in generalB. Significance of the studyThis study aims to expound the effectiveness of people’s attitude towards climate change in enhancing human activities for the global benefit of the world. It creates a goal to the students, instructors, children and parents which provide them more intellectual improvement in their years of existence.People’s attitude towards climate change evidently influences many positive effects although there are also negative effects, in order to explain the level of peoples attitude towards climate change, this paper would like to be evident to the fact that climate change does exist to the occurrences of people’s conditional attitude towards climate change.C. Definition of termsIn order to understand clearly the subject matter, we define the following key concepts:Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years, it may be a change in average weather conditions , or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions (example: more or  fewer extreme weather events).Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a measure within a social psychology designed to detect strength of a person’s automatic association between mental representations of the objects (concepts) in memory. Anthony Greenwald, Debbie McGhee, and Jordan Schwartz introduced the IAT in scientific literature in 1998.Peoples Attitude is determine more by their immediate situation or surroundings than by any internal characteristics, it is to say that surroundings and situation have great impact on people’s attitude.Socioeconomic Status (SES) is an economic and sociological combined total measure of a person’s work experience and of individuals or families economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education and occupation.II. Nature of Climate ChangeIt is clear from extensive scientific evidence that the dominant cause of the rapid change in climate of the past half century is human-induced increases in the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO2), chlorofluorocarbons, methane, and nitrous oxide.Hence, estimates of the earth’s changing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (top) and Antarctic temperature (bottom), based on analysis of ice core data extending back 800,000 years. Until the past century, natural factors caused atmospheric CO2 concentrations to vary within a range of about 180 to 300 parts per million by volume (ppmv).In addition, warmer periods coincide with periods of relatively high CO2 concentrations. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased by almost 40% since pre-industrial times, from approximately 280 parts per million by volume (ppmv) in the 18th century to 390 ppmv in 2010. The current CO2 level is higher than it has been in at least 800,000 years. Some volcanic  eruptions released large quantities of CO2 in the distant past. However, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reported last 2011 that human activities now emit more than 135 times as much CO2 does as volcanoes each year.However, human activities like greenhouse gases, currently release over 30 billion tons of CO2 into the atmospher e every year.This build-up in the atmosphere is like a tub filling with water, where more water flows from the faucet than the drain can take away.Moreover, methane is produce through both natural and human activities. For example, natural wetlands, agricultural activities, and fossil fuel extraction and transport all emit CH4.Methane is more abundant in Earth’s atmosphere now than at any time in at least the past 650,000 years. [2] Due to human activities, CH4concentrations increased sharply during most of the 20th century and are now more than two-and-a-half time’s pre-industrial levels. In recent decades, the rate of increase has slowed considerably.Nitrous oxide is produce through natural and human activities, mainly through agricultural activities and natural biological processes. Fuel burning and some other processes also create N2O. Concentrations of N2O have risen approximately 18% since the start of the Industrial Revolution, with a relatively rapid increase t owards the end of the 20th century.In contrast, the atmospheric concentration of N2O varied only slightly for a period of 11,500 years before the onset of the industrial period.III. How does Climate Change Work?The Kyoto ProtocolThe Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international treaty that sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing â€Å"dangerous† anthropogenic (example: human-induced) interference of the climate system.One hundred ninety countries are United Nation members, except Afghanistan, Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States. The United States signed but did not ratify the Protocol and Canada withdrew from it in 2011. The Protocol was adopt by Parties to the UNFCCC in 1997, and entered into force in 2005.As part of the Kyoto Protocol, many developed countries have agreed to legally binding limitations/reductions in their emissions of greenhouse gases in two commitments periods. The first commitment period applies to emissions 2008-2012, and the second commitment period applies to emissions 2013-2020. The protocol was amended in 2012 to accommodate the second commitment period, but this amendment has (as of January 2013) not entered into legal force.On the other hand, 37 countries with binding targets in the second commitment period are Australia, all members of the European Union, Belarus, Croatia, Iceland, Kazakhstan, Norway, Switzerland, and Ukraine. Belarus, Kazakhstan and Ukraine have stated that they may withdraw from the Protocol or not put into legal force the Amendment with second round targets.Moreover, Japan, New Zealand, and Russia have participated in Kyoto's first round but have not taken on new targets in the second commitment period. Other developed countries without second-round targets are Canada (which withdrew from the Kyoto Protocol in 2012 ) and the United States (which has not ratified the Protocol).Thus, international emissions trading allow developed countries to trade their commitments under the Kyoto Protocol. They can trade emissions quotas among themselves, and can receive credit for financing emissions reductions in developing countries. Developed countries may use emissions trading until late 2014 or 2015 to meet their first-round targets.Developing countries do not have binding targets under the Kyoto Protocol, but are still committed under the treaty to reduce their emissions.Actions  taken by developed and developing countries to reduce emissions include support for renewable, improving energy efficiency, and reducing deforestation. Under the Protocol, emissions of developing countries are authorized to grow in accordance with their development needs.The treaty recognizes that developed countries have contributed the most to the anthropogenic build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (around 77% of em issions between 1750 and 2004), and that carbon dioxide emissions per person in developing countries (2.9 tons in 2010) are, on average, lower than emissions per person in developed countries (10.4 tons in 2010).Because, a number of developed countries have commented that the Kyoto targets only apply to a small share of annual global emissions. Countries with second-round Kyoto targets made up 13.4% of annual global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions in 2010.[27] Many developing countries have emphasized the need for developed countries to have strong, binding emissions targets. At the global scale, existing policies appear to be too weak to prevent global warming exceeding 2 or 1.5 degrees Celsius, relative to the pre-industrial level (King, D., et al., 2011;)IV. Providing Data Supporting the Claim that there are Causes and Effect in every people attitudes towards climate change.In the study conducted by The World Bank’s World Development Report 2010 on Climate Change an d Development commissioned on international poll of public attitudes to climate change their findings indicate that attitudes on international cooperation on climate change results in one thought, that if their countries acted, other countries would be encouraged to act as well. Should an agreement on cutting emissions emerge from the Copenhagen meeting, very large majorities in all 15 countries said their nation should commit to cut emissions as part of the agreement.Then, if such an agreement does not emerge, majorities in 14 countries and a plurality in one still thought their nation would have a responsibility to act.Effect of one country’s example on others one overhanging question in  the difficult global process of forming measures against climate change is the power of example and mutual efforts: if some nations lead, will others be inclined to follow—not only on a world scale, but also regionally, or among neighboring countries?Furthermore, respondents were asked whether they thought, â€Å"That if our country takes steps to deal with the problem of climate change, other countries would then be more willing to act, or do you think it wouldn’t make much difference?.Similarly, in 14 of 15 countries, majorities thought the example of their country acting would affect other countries’ willingness positively—and in Russia, a plurality thought so (47% to 32%).For that reason, an average of 68% in all 15 countries thought other countries will be affected by their example, and only 24% did not developed countries that have smaller majorities believed in the power of their example, while many developing countries showed much more confidence in it.Thus Bangladesh, Senegal, Kenya, Indonesia and Vietnam all had majorities of 79% or higher who thought that if their country took such steps, other countries would be then more willing to act.In addition, Mexico, Iran and China were almost as confident (all at 73%). Egypt (66%) an d India (61%) had substantial majorities thinking so; France was similar at 63%.However, Japan, the United States and Russia were all significantly less confident that their example would make any difference. In Japan, 54% thought their example would encourage other countries, while 46% did not; in the US 52% thought it would make a difference, while 46% did not; and in Russia 47% thought it would, and 32% that it would not.WhereasGallup conducted the first comprehensive survey of global opinions about climate change, posing two questions to respondents in 128 countries: 1) how much you know about global warming or climate change.Moreover 2) How serious of a threat is globalwarmingto you and your family?Gallup finds that a majority of the world's adult population is aware of the climate change issue, but a substantial minority is not aware.Further, those who are aware are more likely to say climate change poses a serious threat to themselves and their families. Results vary by regio n and among each of the top five greenhouse gas-emitting countries, underscoring the challenges leaders face in reaching a global climate agreement.Regionally, people in Europe and the Americas (which includes North, South, and Central America) are the most likely to be aware of climate change. More than 8 in 10 adults in Europe and the Americas say they know at least something about climate change.Fish Ponds Cause the brunt of typhoons â€Å"Pedring† and Quiel†.It is one of the major reasons of a prolonged flooding in residential and rural areas in the plains of Bulacan and Pampanga because of the proliferation of fishponds and aquaculture projects in the major waterways, thus, this result to the slowed flow of the water from the typhoon and dams.On the other hand, cities of Butuan and Cotabato experiencing the prolonged flood because of the rivers that is clog by water lilies.Similarly, the city of Cotabato experienced the said problem because of the industries that p olluted the river with nitrates which induce the growth of lilies to cause a certain scenario.Implicit Association TestUsing the Implicit Association Test (IAT), developed in the 1990s and now widely used in social psychology, Geoffrey Beattie and Laura McGuire at Manchester University asked whether people's â€Å"explicit† attitudes (the responses people give in surveys and opinion polls) or their â€Å"implicit†Ã‚  attitudes (which can only be revealed by people's reaction times on a specially designed task) best predicted the amount of attention they paid to iconic images of climate change.Situational SurveyParticipants were asked to rate how much they agreed with statements such as: â€Å"I prefer a product with a low carbon footprint†. But they also completed an IAT where they had to assign a series of positive or negative terms to the target category of â€Å"low carbon footprint†. The researchers then showed them a series of images, some of which w ere iconic negative images of climate change (for example, a stranded polar bear), some of which were positive images of nature (for example, a field of sunflowers), and some of which were everyday household objects. Intermingled across a series of slides, participants could choose which images to look at.The results were striking:Only implicit attitudes predicted how long people looked at iconic images of climate change. It did not matter if people had expressed a positive explicit attitude towards low-carbon products. Only people with strongly positive implicit attitudes (i.e. the people with quick reaction times between positive terms and the low carbon footprint category) chose to linger on the climate change images.These findings suggest that even people who express a high degree of concern about climate change, or who claim a great deal of interest in low-carbon products, may actually be unconsciously shielding themselves from imagery associated with climate change and by exte nsion, a deeper reflection on how to change their behavior in response to it.What about interpreting the Climate Change as an emergency?People also reject climate change because of other commitments in their life. If climate change is real, that might mean we need to change how we live. If  we don’t want to change, that can influence our thinking all the way back up to whether we consider the issue a problem. Broadly, you can call this motivated reasoning(Nordhaus, and Shaw, 1994)Psychologists recognize that people have a complex set of social identities based on their age, gender, religion and many other groups. These memberships drive attitudes, feelings and behavior. Social identity exists whenever a person feels they are a member and feels a sense of psychological identification with a group (Latane,& Darley, 1968)Political party is a powerful social identity that informs how people think about themselves and the world. Following this very brief description of social id entity theory, consider how political party shapes how we process incoming information. It’s not easy to go against your political party, because you can be derogated and excluded from the group. It’s uncomfortable to feel social influence and not go along. Political identification matters in evaluating information on climate change (Frant & Mayer, 2009).V. Implication of the studyPeople cannot change their attitude towards climate change if their socioeconomic status (SES) priority on climate change is not on their list of commitments in life. Someone must encourage them to change their belief in their attitudes towards climate change. Through the interaction with the media, people in the society will be aware on how climate change got worst in this time of decade.Hence, creatinga law that will be a major concern of the people, and implement it to all citizens that live on a certain country that implement such law. As a result people may continue their attention and c ould gain more as they interact with the intellect of climate change just like a footprint in wet cement, it hardens as it goes by, thereby, and there should be a good footprint to leave so they could have much better through thedevelopment.VI. ConclusionWe arrived with a conclusion that Global Climate Change is a fact, although there are skeptics in no way a majority group. That is why governments around the world have reacted to this growing threat nearest major climatic changes that may put their economies at risk.People Attitudes towards Global Climate Change, on the other hand, has made it very clear globalization of pressing environmental issues if it is not a company that involves all nations. Population pressure and development taken by most developed nations along with developing nations placed increasing pressure on natural resources and environmental systems on land.At present, the self-regulatory capacity of the atmosphere are carried to their limits and according to man y, surpassed. It is not sound policy, for humanity, let the search for solutions for the future or if they are strongly needed. The atmosphere and the processes that maintain their characteristics are not very fast reaction times compared with the periods humans.

Parenting skills: Discussion Questions Essay

1. What role do you think discipline plays in developing a child’s self-esteem? What forms of discipline best serve the self-esteem of the child or adolescent? a. I think discipline plays a vast role in developing a child’s self-esteem, it determines the way the child will make their decision. Knowing the difference punishing and abusing a child plays a key role. Although both can be considered a form of discipline, punishing a child to harshly can affect them in the long run. They will develop a low self-esteem and become scarred for life. The child can grow up themselves to give unreasonable punishment to children they may have. The forms of discipline that best serves the self-esteem of a child might include boundary-based discipline, and emotion coaching. 2. List and discuss how activities, clubs, or sports, impact the self-esteem of children and parents. Provide at least two activities, clubs, or sports in your answer a. Children that participate in spots, clubs, etc. are more likely to have a high self-esteem. While a child participates in these groups they can achieve and accomplish goals that can higher their self-esteem. When a child is devoted to a sport, striving for a goal, and working hard they become satisfied with themselves as well. Such as volleyball, players working hard on different techniques on how to win a game, that takes time, effort, and determination. After winning, the trophies are handed out, the crowd goes crazy over the win, it puts the child/athlete on top, making them thrilled over what they’ve just accomplished leading to high self-esteem . Being involved in a debate club can provide you a boost of excitement knowing that whatever your thinking is heard and knowledge is being shared with those who are present, after winning against someone else gives you that high self-esteem, knowing you’ve just accomplished a great self-achievement.

Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay Essays

Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay Essays Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay Essay Providing An Enabling Environment Children And Young People Essay Essay The rule of supplying an enabling environment is that kids learn and develop in enabling environment, the environment plays a critical function in back uping kids s single demands in acquisition and development, strong partnerships between practicians and parents is a positive start to supplying an enabling environment. The wellness and safety of the environment is critical to guarantee the safeguarding and well-being of the kids. Babies and kids will experience emotionally safe and secure and will develop and larn most efficaciously. A genuinely enabling environment provides the stimulation and the positive relationships that support kids to experience safe plenty to research. A good early childhood environment meets the kid s basic demands and supports and encourages kids to prosecute in activities that implement the plan s course of study. Further, the environment is designed to enable staff to ease the optimal acquisition for their kids. Finally, the envir onment makes parents and defenders feel welcome, involved, and empowered. In this essay I will look at how to organize a safe, but disputing environment for kids. Explain the practician s function within the wider multi-agency environment. Describe the regulative demands that must be followed when organizing an environment for kids in the early old ages. Measure the effectivity of the environment in run intoing kids s single demands. There are a figure of of import rules to believe about when you are be aftering for a safe environment for kids and immature people. When fixing environments for kids, it is of import to see their age and phase of development. We besides need to see whether the environment meets the demands of the single kids. Children develop at different rates. Some kids need more ambitious activities while others may necessitate a different type of activity or different resources detecting single kids to see how they engage with the environment will assist us to be after suitably. Every kid is an single with different demands depending on their age and abilities. You must believe about this when planning activities, for illustration when they involve physical drama, or if more consideration must be given to the demands of a kid who has merely become nomadic than to an older kid, when be aftering room layouts. Some kids have specific demands such as centripetal damages ; for illustration think abou t the challenges to a kid with limited hearing understanding accounts about safety. The different demands of households and carers must be considered. You should ever see the kid s safety and public assistance in your head when planning. Every kid and immature individual has a right to a safe and unafraid environment. Before get downing any activity it is of import that you take into history the wellness and safety demands of all kids, guaranting that the environment is free of any jeopardies and it is safe for kids to play. Health and safety is the most valuable factor to see when be aftering a safe and ambitious environment for kids s acquisition and development to take topographic point. Developmental demands of kids are besides a factor to see ; as kids grow and develop in different phases, so it is of import to see the developmental demands and abilities of kids when be aftering an environment for kids. Thingss we should see when planning is: Physical Emotional Social Intellectual Handiness Safety and supervising of babies and yearlings is a cardinal function to supplying a safe environment. All registered suppliers must run into the lower limit demands for infinite within their environment and staff ratios. Meeting staff ratios ensures the safety of kids, failure to run into these ratios could do accidents and hurts ( Open Study College Early Years Level 3 PG50 ) By following all these points we abide with the legal duty to the responsibility of attention. Staff ratios as follows: 1:3 kids under 2 old ages 1:4 kids aged 2 old ages 1:8 kids aged 3-5 old ages When be aftering for a healthy and safe indoor environment suites should be organised to restrict the safety, infinite is besides a critical factor to see, by guaranting there is sufficient infinite in relation to the figure of kids who will be utilizing it within the environment. This allows kids to travel around easy and comfortably. Child from birth to two old ages require 3.5m2 infinite per kid, kids aged two to three old ages old require 2.5m2 infinite per kid, and kids aged three to five old ages require 2.3m2 infinite per kid. ( Open Study College Early Years Level 3 ) Multi bureau working is when a figure of professionals work together to supply support in run intoing the single demands of kids. The wider community plays a critical function in kids s acquisition and development. Practitioners need to work together across services for illustration working in partnership with wellness visitants, general practicians, societal workers, physical therapists, and address and linguistic communication healer. To outdo support kids and their households all these groups need to pass on good, listen carefully to all concerned and to set the kids s demands first. ( Open Study College- Early Years Level 3 -V1.0 PG 40, 66 ) Harmonizing to ( The CAF procedure 26 April 2012 ) The CAF is a four-step procedure whereby practicians can place a kid s or immature individual s demands early, assess those demands holistically, deliver coordinated services and reexamine advancement. The CAF is designed to be used when a practician is worried about how good a kid or immature individual is come oning ( e.g. concerns about their wellness, development, public assistance, behavior, advancement in larning or any other facet of their well-being ) a kid or immature individual, or their parent/carer, raises a concern with a practician a kid s or immature individual s demands are ill-defined, or broader than the practician s service can turn to. The EY. Statutory model provides ordinances that all early old ages puting must follow with when supplying an environment for kids. Health and safety statute laws play a cardinal function on the proviso of an environment and must be followed by all employers with the scene. The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974- all employers have legal duties under the Health and Safety at Work at 1974. Employers must run into certain regulations to guarantee that wellness and safety is implemented and to do certain everyone at work is safe within the environment. As practicians everyone in the child care puting must cognize what their wellness and safety policies in the scenes are. In a child care puting the undermentioned guidelines apply: edifices should be in good status and designed with the safety of users in head edifices and milieus should be clean and safe and equipment must be safely used and stored. This act helps keep healthy, safe and unafraid environments as is precautions both the kids and the grownups working with them. Control of Substances Hazardous to Health ( COSHH ) COSHH is the jurisprudence that all employers must follow in respects to harmful substances. ( COSHH Regulations 1999 ) states Hazardous substances are anything that can harm your wellness when you work with them if they are non decently controlled. Most scenes use cleaning merchandises or have other merchandises that are risky. While caring for kids early twelvemonth s workers may hold to manage crisp changing, or clean up after toileting or other accidents. In order to understate the hazard to wellness, it is of import to be cognizant of jeopardies in the environment. It is indispensable to utilize protective equipment such as baseball mitts and masks, if utilizing risky substances. All merchandises that are used by kids, including playthings, must be in a good status and moderately safe to utilize. All kids are protected by safety Torahs. Assorted symbols are used to bespeak playthings and equipment are safe and suited for kids of peculiar ages. The kitemark symbol is used in the United Kingdom to guarantee that merchandises are safe and suited. Harmonizing to Writer: John Rowlinson 21 December 2012 ) when you see a plaything or merchandise with a Kitemark this means that the British Standards Institution has independently tested it, has confirmed that the merchandise conforms to the relevant British Standard The CE Mark symbol includes the name and reference of the first provider, was required by jurisprudence to look on all playthings placed on the market in the European Union on and after January 1990. The Lion Mark was developed in 1988 by the British Toy A ; Hobby Association as a symbol of plaything safety and quality for the consumer. The king of beasts grade for retail merchants By exposing this mark the retail merchant is stating that all merchandises in the store meet a certain criterion of safety. This symbol displayed in the store, in catalogues and in retail merchant advertisement, indicates that the retail merchant has agreed to the Code of Practice. Practitioners need to see that the playthings they provide for kids to play with meet their demands of their single age and phase of development. Practitioners should see when taking contributions or purchasing 2nd manus playthings, excess attention is needed to guarantee that they are safe and run into the current ordinances. Avoid plaything which are a hazard to kids choking e.g. , toys with little constituents or parts which detach, avoid plaything with crisp points, and borders or finger traps, besides check playthings have non become perilously worn. Safety equipment is used within the early twelvemonth s scenes to advance the safety and well-being of the kids. Regular cheque on all safety equipment should be carried out, and the industries instructions should be closely followed. It is considered as good pattern to purchase new equipment, as it will corroborate with the latest safety ordinances. Below is a list of the safety equipment normally found in the early twelvemonth s scenes: Stair gates- prevent babes and kids from falling down the steps. Electric plus covers- prevent kids from seting their fingers or objects into sockets. High chairs- helps immature kids to sit safely at mealtimes, they will hold safety harnesses to maintain the kid secure. Window locks- prevent kids from falling out, opening or go forthing the premises. Radiator covers- to forestall kids from touching the radiators when switched on and firing themselves. Early old ages premises should guarantee high degrees of security around the edifice to maintain kids safe at all times. Entrance doors should be kept locked at all times and controlled by staff members to guarantee the safety, scenes are required to maintain a record of visitants, doing certain they are subscribing in an out at all times staff should to the full oversee visitants at all times whilst on premises. Children should merely be allowed to go forth the scene with an authorized person that has been identified by the kid s parents prior to get downing the scene. In my scene where I antecedently worked we had to guarantee that all kids in our edifice are safe and have a secure environment, we had certain security agreements in topographic point, we had two mechanical doors which can merely be opened from the interior of the edifice and as a security dismay system fitted which sounds whenever the door opens, we besides had a policy about acquiring information from parents who c an roll up the kid, names and images were taken prior to the kid get downing the babys room. Environments need to be suitably heated and ventilated to forestall the spread of infection and to guarantee a good supply of fresh air to kids. Lighting should be appropriate for clear visibleness and to enable kids to work in comfort. The administration of the furniture and activities is of import in advancing the safety of the kids and supplying an enabling environment. When be aftering the scene of the environment fire issues should be clear of obstructions to enable safe emptying if necessary, the layout of the environment should be adaptable for kids with disablements, the layout of the furniture and resources should let sufficient infinite around the scene for kids to travel about more easy. Hazards and jeopardies hazards and jeopardies are found within all workplaces ; within an early old ages puting there can be hazards and jeopardies for kids, staff members and visitants. A jeopardy is something a kid does non see, is something that has the possible to do injury, whereas a hazard is a challenge a kid can see, and chooses to set about it or non, hazard is the likely or possible result of the jeopardy. A hazard appraisal is a legal demand which is used to place possible jeopardies within the environment. Hazard appraisals are of import within the early twelvemonth s scenes to guarantee the safety and public assistance of all the persons in the scene of kids. Hazard pickings is of import for kids it gives them a opportunity to take on a personal duty when kids learn how to take hazards ; they besides learn how to believe independently. The function of the practician in hazard pickings is decide what is safe for the kids and so to oversee the kids in taking the hazard. A s kids become older practicians can promote kids how to maintain themselves safe. Practitioners working with kids need to be the 1s to command the hazard, taking history the single demands of kids. Babies and immature kids have basic demands that must be met for them to develop and maturate. For kids, these indispensable demands include warm, lovingness, and antiphonal grownups ; a sense of importance and significance ; a manner to associate to the universe around them ; chances to travel and play ; and people to assist construction and back up their acquisition. The emotional environment is more than physical infinite because it contains the emotions of the kids who spend clip in it, the staff that work at that place and the parents who leave their kids. Keeping positive feelings is of import for kids to experience safe in the emotional environment. The emotional environment plays a cardinal function in run intoing kids s single demands. Practitioners within the scene should guarantee that the scene is warm, loving, secure and accepting topographic point to be for everyone, non merely for kids. Practitioners should promote kids to show themselves by giving them opportunity to speak and by actively listening to them. Harmonizing to ( Martine Horvath Sunday March 03 2013 ) When kids know that their feelings are accepted, they feel safe. The indoor environment will hold an immediate consequence on kids larning and development. The indoor environment should be good equipped with high quality resources ; indoor infinite demands careful planning as it needs to be flexible to suit kids s single demands. Environments should be attractive and do kids experience safe and unafraid and happy to be at that place. Children learn through drama, researching their environment and get downing to happen out about the universe around them. Play theorist Bob Hughes identified 16 different types of drama. Early old ages scenes need to supply a separate room for babes, but should be given regular contact to see older kids to assist advance their societal and emotional development, as kids some older, they require a balance of structured activity every bit good as the ability to originate their ain drama. The out-of-door environment holds equal value to the indoor environment and provides many chances for larning and development. Children gain tremendous benefits from larning out-of-doorss, ideally they should hold entree to outdoor infinite on a day-to-day footing, non all kids will derive entree to a garden or outer infinite within their place, and hence they should be given the chance to research the out-of-door environment whilst at their scene. The outdoor can supply development chances for kids socially intellectually, physically, and emotionally. Bing out-of-doorss supports assurance and self-pride. Outdoor drama chances will be different depending in the age of the kid. Child development theoretician Jean Piaget ( 1896-1980 ) , believed Children concept an apprehension of the universe around them, so see disagreements between what they already know and what they discover in their environment ( by Saul McLeod published 2009, updated 2012 ) Decision When it comes to kids and immature people, both the safety and the stimulating facets of the environment should be considered at the same clip. Every kid and immature individual has the right to a safe environment and kids must hold the chance of turning up and developing in an environment that is as healthy and safe as possible. An enabling environment will back up and ease acquisition and development for kids. Children within the early old ages scenes are actively encouraged to research the indoor and out-of-door environment every bit, painstaking practicians and cardinal workers will back up acquisition as kids freely engage and interact with their milieus. Referecences hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/Development-Matters.pdf Greenman, J. ( 1988 ) .A Caring infinites, larning topographic points: Children s environments that work.A Redmond, A WA: Exchange Press. Available online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx? ArticleID=294 By Martine Horvath Sunday March 03 available online: hypertext transfer protocol: //eyfs.info/articles/article.php? Enabling-Environments-64 The CAF procedure updated 26 April 2012 available online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/childrenandyoungpeople/strategy/integratedworking/caf/a0068957/the-caf-process hypertext transfer protocol: //www.lboro.ac.uk/research/design4health/outputs/d4h_main_home/Intro/Legal/COSHH/coshh.html OPEN STUDY COLLEGE EARLY YEARS LEVEL 3 STUDY GUIDE NCFE INVESTING IN QUALITY hypertext transfer protocol: //www.practicalpreschoolbooks.com/Content/Site120/FilesSamples/742978190724118_00000000380.pdf Writer: John Rowlinson Updated: 21 December 2012 Safety Marks: What Do They Mean? onlineA hypertext transfer protocol: //www.safekids.co.uk/toysafetymarks.html

Thanksgiving in Germany

Thanksgiving in Germany Various cultures and nationalities celebrate a successful harvest every fall and the festivities usually involve both religious and non-religious elements. On the one hand, people offer prayerful thanks for a fruitful growing season, for enough food to survive the winter, for their community’s health and well-being, and then add their sincere desire to renew their good fortune in the coming spring. On the other hand, people also delight in having crops of fruits, grains, and vegetables to trade for non-agricultural goods that make their lives more bearable. People worldwide, especially those involved in agriculture, share these common elements after the growing season. German Thanksgiving, das Erntedankfest In Germany, Thanksgiving- (â€Å"das Erntedankfest,† i.e.,Thanksgiving Harvest Festival)- is strongly entrenched in German culture. Erntedankfest is usually observed on the first Sunday of October (04 October 2015 this year), although the timing is not hard and fast nationwide. For example, in many of the wine regions (there are a lot of them in Germany), vintners are more likely to celebrate Erntedankfest in late November after the grape harvest. Regardless of the timing, Erntedankfest is usually more religious than non-religious. At their core and despite their renowned scientific, engineering, and technological wizardry, Germans are very, very close to Mother Nature (â€Å"naturnah†), so, while the economic benefits of a bountiful harvest are always well received, Germans never forget that, without the beneficial guiding force of nature, the harvest would not have gone as well. As one would expect, Erntedankfest, whenever it takes place, includes the usual community events of preachers’ homilies reminding listeners that, whatever their successes, they didn’t achieve it on their own, of colorful parades meandering through the city center, of the selection and crowning of a local beauty as harvest queen, and, of course, of lots of food, music, drink, dancing, and generally enthusiastic revelry. In some of the larger towns, fireworks displays are not uncommon.   Since Erntedankfest stems from both rural and religious roots, some other traditions should interest you. Churchgoers load freshly harvested crops such as fruits, vegetables, and their byproducts, e.g., bread, cheese, etc., as well as canned goods, into sturdy baskets, much like picnic baskets, and take them to their church in mid-morning. Following the Erntedankfest service, the preacher blesses the food and the parishioners  Mohnstriezel distribute it to the poor. Local craftsmen and craftswomen make large, colorful wreaths from wheat or maize to display on one’s door, and they also fashion crowns of various sizes to mount on buildings and to carry in their parades. In many towns and villages, children equipped with lanterns go from house to house in the evening (â€Å"der Laternenumzug†). After the public events, individual families gather at home to enjoy a celebratory meal, often one that has been influenced by American and Canadian traditions. Who hasn’t seen treacly American films of extended families traveling great distances to be together on Thanksgiving? Fortunately, this sentimental aspect of Thanksgiving hasn’t yet polluted German Erntedankfest. The most prominent North American influence and, to many people, particularly those who favor the turkey’s abundance of white meat, the most welcome influence is the growing preference for a roasted turkey (â€Å"der Truthahn†), rather than a roasted goose (â€Å"die Gans†). Turkeys are much leaner, and, consequently, somewhat drier, while a well roasted goose is certainly more savory. If the family cook knows what s/he’s doing, a good six-kilo goose is probably the tastier choice; however, geese have a lot of fat. That fat should be drained, saved, and used to pan-fry sliced potatoes a few days later, so be prepared. Some families have their own traditions and serve duck, rabbit, or roast (pork or beef) as the main course. I’ve even enjoyed a truly magnificent carp (a scale from which I still have in my wallet as protection against poverty). Many such meals feature the superb Mohnstriezel, a sweet braided bun originating in Austria, containing poppy seeds, almonds, lemon rind, raisins, etc. Regardless of the main dish, the side dishes, which are invariably regional, are always incredibly tasty and unique. The main thing to remember about Erntedankfest is that the food and the drink are merely the background. The Erntedankfest’s real stars are â€Å"die Gemà ¼tlichkeit, die Kameradschaft, und die Agape† (the cosiness, the camaraderie, and the agape [the love of God for man and of man for God]).

Mid-Term Reflection on Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Mid-Term Reflection on Anthropology - Essay Example In this regard, Albert defined civilization as: â€Å"It is the sum total of all progress made by man in every sphere of action and from every point of view in so far as the progress helps towards the spiritual perfecting of individuals as the progress of all progress† (Gat, 14). Civilization determines the culture of a complex society. It has more intricate cultures such as professional art, literature, organized religion and complex customs associated with the elite. The increased complexities in our societies today are directly related to changes in the structure and dynamics of human civilization (Hodder, 11). In addition, the complex socio-economic environment is consistent with identifying global human civilization as an organism that is able to offer protection to its components that are human beings (Peet, 41). The convoluted culture linked with civilization is characterized by the spread to and influence other cultures sometimes espousing them into civilization. Example includes assimilation of Korean, Japan and Vietnam who were assimilated into the Chinese civilization (Gat, 77). The interdependence of human civilization on a global perspective is revealed in numerous ways that local action in one part of the world affect global behaviors (Cremo, 116). For instance, the effects of oil embargo and OPEC in the 1970s revealed the impact of oil supply from Middle East and the ever global concerns in that region; the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq in 1990 illustrated global response despite the fact that the crisis originally involved some small population (Hodder, 91). Archeology is the scientific study of past human culture and behavior, from the time of origin to the present time (Hodder, 77). Just like civilization, archeology is a vital field of anthropology, which is the broad study of human culture and biology. Through the study of human evolution, archeology enables the appreciation of our common

Google glass Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Google glass - Essay Example In addition, new applications and updates to the operating system that were not available during the time of the launch make today’s Google Glass explorer edition a tempting thing to acquire and buy (Furlan, 2013). Google glass was made up by a facility within Google that is dedicated towards the direction of advancing the technology that cycle within the organization like the driverless cars. The facility that developed the technology is known as Google X. Google glass has been designed to be slimmer and smaller compared to the displays that have been circulated to the market by the company previously (Campesato, 2014). The prototype of the glass looked very similar to the standard eyeglasses with its lens being replaced by a heads-up display. In 2011, the company came up with a prototype of the Google glass that weighed around 3,600grams that was made to be lighter than the average sunglasses later in 2013. The explorer edition of the glass was produced and made available to the company’s I/O developers in the US for a price of 1,500 dollars (Furlan, 2013). There developed a partnership between Google and some Italian eyewear companies so that they could be provided with additional designs of glass frames. The Nepal Government in 2014 adopted Google glass in a move to bring solutions to the problem of poaching in the countrys national parks and reserves. The glass has also been used by the Gurkha military in tracking animals and birds in the forest that geared the latest development in the military venture (Campesato, 2014). Google glass is made up of flexible titanium headband that tends to remain durable as it stretches from one ear to the ear. The flexible band is combined with a covering that is made of plastic that covers the Glass’ major gears and it gives it a general clean outlook. Google glass is made up of a cube-shaped glass prism that is located just above the

The preaching of Augustine Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The preaching of Augustine - Research Proposal Example This paper will discuss some of the styles that Augustine used to deliver his message and why it was important for him to preach using the Bible. Augustine used Bible stories to pull a mass of people to listen to him. This is because he engaged the crowd through using examples that correlate well with their lives.2 In addition, he made connections with the congregation by using simple linguistic languages so that the message could be understood by all.3 This made him likable in that no one was discriminated against his style of preaching in that he built a sense of connection with them In addition, Augustine used theological themes such as grace, love and judgment to preach to the people.4 Through these themes in the Bible, he could use them to explain certain issues in the society. This contributed on the fact that he had many followers in that they began to learn about God. Augustine also preached regularly such that he interpreted almost every book in the Bible.5 This served him well in that the people understood why Augustine was religious in that the understood the compassionate love that God had for His people.6 This illustrates that Augustine was an important figure in not only the community but also the History of Christianity in that he helped the people understand the coherent significance of believing in God.7 In conclusion, it is clear that Augustine used the Bible explicitly to communicate to the people in the community. Through the Bible, Augustine emphasized on the importance of faith in God through sharing scriptural texts. In addition, he used simple language and biblical stories to reach to the congregation and the people as a whole. Augustine preached to the people by using theological themes such as judgment and Grace to assert the significance of believing in God. This shows that Augustine was an important figure in the History of Christianity

Success of most international organizations

Success of most international organizations INTRODUCTION International project teams has been argued to be a key factor in the success of most international organizations(Heimer, 1994). Many factors have been attributed to this and they include; Rich cultural diversity leading to different ideas been generated by the respective team members thus bringing together knowledge and skills from the different countries that make up the team. In this paper, we will attempt to define an international project team, the advantages and limitations of such a team, conflicts that may arise, and finally we will propose the main lessons derived from working in an international team using a case study. Definition: Makilouko(2003) suggested that for a team to be called an international project team, it must fulfil either of three main conditions which are; its members must have different backgrounds working in the same country, or its members may work in different countries but meet on a face-to-face basis, or its members may be based in many countries but coordinate their meetings through electronic media. Heimer(1998) proposed that the difference between an international project team and other teams is as a result of the cultural differences present in such a team. These cultural differences result in differences in the process of communication, leadership and the way the team members work together(Snow et al, 1996) Group 4 is an ideal multicultural team made up of four team members from four different countries i.e. Nigeria, Malaysia, China, and Thailand, who are managing presentation projects in the same country. CHOICE OF LEADERSHIP The role of a leader in an international project team involves managing not only the hard aspects of the project i.e. technical details, but also the soft aspects of the project i.e. the human resources aspects. The management of these two objectives interchanges throughout the project lifecycle(Snell et al,1993). In an international project team, no one individual may possess all the necessary attributes needed to lead the team, hence the concept of collective leadership has been proposed by Freidrich et al(2009). Collective leadership process means that each member of the team showcases their skills and expertise at different aspects of the project lifecycle. This concept was corroborated by Hanschild and Kirchmann(2001) who alluded to the benefits of collective leadership. The Group 4 team adopted the principle of collective leadership in the management of the assigned projects. One member of the team volunteered to be the administrator in charge of organizing team meetings while the other members led the team in project areas they where good at. A member of the team led in information technology aspects, another member led in presentation slide design, while a third member was in charge of proof-reading the final slides for errors. This process of collective leadership ensured the collective participation of all project team members in leading the team and reduced the friction involved in choosing a particular person as a group leader. TEAM PROCESS Iles and hayes(1997) suggested that unlike other teams, international project teams require greater team building processes as a result of the cultural diversity present. These difference in culture can lead to the success or failure of the project if not well managed. Dreachshin et al(2000) proposed that two major aspects of the team process that is affected by cultural diversity are communication and conflict management. Communication Maznevski(1994) report that effective communication is the key to ensuring that a culturally diverse team is well integrated. Iles and Hayers(1997) also suggested that for cohesion to occur in an international project team, the individuals who make up the team must develop strategies to communicate across their differences. Heimer and Vince(1998) also agreed with this notion by proposing that multi-cultural teams that ensure that non-native speakers of the teams language can contribute are more effective on the long term even though initially they may work slower. At the preparation stage of the different presentations, we where able to address the challenges of communication by developing a communication strategy with the contribution of all team members. The strategy addressed the questions of When, What, and How do we communicate?. The basis of the strategy involved the use of multiple modes of communication in order to ensure understanding from non-native speakers of English. In order to do this, we deployed the use of information technology e.g. regular emails that provide a summary of the minutes of the meetings, and also utilized language translation websites like Google Translate ® for language translations. We also ensured that during meetings, we generate feedback from non-native English speakers in order to confirm that the points discussed have been understood. Conflicts Bercovitch(1983) proposed that conflicts in multicultural teams tends to occur when 2 or more parties have personal objectives that are not compatible with each other hence leading to them behaving differently. This view alluded to that proposed by Thomas(1976) which suggests that conflicts are inherent in every team process. Thomas(1976) also proposed that conflicts within teams are inherently bad and should be avoided at all costs. Jehn(1994) disagreed with Thomas(1976) negative perception of conflicts and proposed that conflicts that occur as a result of cultural differences in the way a task should be managed actually do lead to an improvement in team performance. The main reason why conflicts tend to occur in international project teams has been proposedto be as a result of mistrust and miscommunication among the team members(Trandis et al, 1965) In Group 4, the process of decision making was a participatory style in which every project team member is given equal time slots during meetings to make his/her proposal to the project plan. This style helped to address conflict that may arise from depending on a single or few dominant team members. The disadvantage of having the participatory style is because it gave rise to another conflict in choosing the particular members opinion that should be adopted by the Group. The way this was managed is by adopting a collaborative conflict management style as proposed by Thomas(1976). The aim of using this technique is to be able to merge aspects of all the different opinions and perspectives of the different team members into a single project plan. STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF GROUP 4 The key strength of the Group 4 team rests on the cultural diversity of its members. This diversity led to a large amount of different ideas been generated on how different tasks should be managed, the varied nature of the ideas occurred as a result of the unique cultural experiences of the individual members of the team and it provided a rich pool of information to source from. Another key strength of the team is the collective leadership style adopted which ensured participation of all team members and removed the destructive tendency of having a single leader dominating other members of the team. Finally, a third strong point was our adoption of the multimedia approach to delivering presentations as compared to the traditional slideshows. Our main objective for using this strategy was to promote understanding of the message and also to entertain the audience. The key weakness or bad points of Group 4 was exhibited during the last two projects whereby team members showed signs of complacency as a result of previous successes recorded. The efforts put into research was lower than the initial couple of presentations but rather, a lot of subjectiveness was used in developing the final projects. The reasons proposed for this included ongoing assignments from other modules, as well as family and job constraints. NEXT TIME In the event of my participation as a team member of a multicultural team, I would suggest that rather than sending emails of the proposed project plan back and forth among team members, we should have an Online repository/Store in which team members can log in independently and have access to/modify the project plan. In adopting this system, what we are trying to achieve is to have a rudimentary project plan which is continuously been updated by team members irrespective of their current location or language differences LESSONS LEARNED Tuckman(1965) proposed that groups typically go through a series of changes in development which he termed Form, Storm, Norm, Perform. My participation in this international project team enabled me to actually visualize and appreciate this stages taking place. The Hofstede(1980) study highlighted that cultural differences among project team members is a major factor which if not managed properly can lead to the success or failure of international projects. He proposed that conflicts that arise among international teams should be investigated from within the cultural context. The lesson learned in this case is that we are all culturally different and this differences leads to different perceptions about the way issues are managed. The effective use of multimedia during project proposal presentations help to promote understanding. This is achieved because it appeals not only to the brain of the audience but also to the emotions. Hence, an ideal project presentation will be one that effectively challenges the audiences to see, feel, hear, smell, and touch what the presenter is talking about. This is a strategy I intend to adopt in future presentations.